Surnames at that time were not hereditary. The incoming Christian leaders awarded by the high king the status equivalent to that of a king of a tuath. The Gaul’s, a name derived from the Gaelic language they used, regulated their relationships and responsibilities, within three class structures: within each kin-group, the leader responsible for social obligations. Within these areas were smaller divisions known as tuatha each with their own king who owned allegiance to an over-king who controlled a number of tuatha. In this summary, we are concerned with the Eoghanacht who founded at Cashel in southern Tipperary the dynasty of the Ui Neill claiming descent from Niall Noigiallach who lived in the 5th century. Each wave introduced its own prominent tribe that became associated with a particular part of the country. They landed in Ireland in a number of waves - from Scotland, Hibernia, Normandy and finally from Gaul in 50BC. As with all invaders throughout the age’s they incorporated and assimilated the earlier cultures. The Celts were the first people to determine the character of the country having defined laws and religion with strong tribal attachment. One-third of their ancestry came from the Pontic steppe on the shores of the Black Sea a result being that a large part of their middle-eastern ancestry assured. There is sufficient evidence: geneticists conclude from Trinity College, Dublin and Queen’s University, Belfast, to record much of Ireland occupied by Bronze Age people four thousand years ago.
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